![]() They also propose causal relationships by examining what is known about smaller scale mechanisms within the system. They suggest cause and effect relationships to explain and predict behaviors in complex natural and designed systems. Students understand that empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and to make claims about specific causes and effects. Students learn changes in one part of a system might cause large changes in another part, systems in dynamic equilibrium are stable due to a balance of feedback mechanisms, and stability might be disturbed by either sudden events or gradual changes that accumulate over timeĬ2 Cause and Effect. Students explain stability and change in natural or designed systems by examining changes over time, and considering forces at different scales, including the atomic scale. They also understand that phenomena may have more than one cause, and some cause and effect relationships in systems can only be described using probability.Ĭ7 Stability and Change. They use cause and effect relationships to predict phenomena in natural or designed systems. Students classify relationships as causal or correlational, and recognize that correlation does not necessarily imply causation. Students learn some systems appear stable, but over long periods of time they will eventually change.Ĭ2 Cause and Effect. ![]() Students measure change in terms of differences over time, and observe that change may occur at different rates. ![]()
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